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1 maßgenau
accurate to dimension -
2 отговарящ на размер
accurate to dimensionБългарски-Angleščina политехнически речник > отговарящ на размер
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3 обработен точно по размерите
accurate to dimensionaccurate to dimensionsБългарски-Angleščina политехнически речник > обработен точно по размерите
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4 шлифовка на точный размер
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > шлифовка на точный размер
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5 молекулярный размер
1. molecular dimension2. molecular dimensions -
6 с размерами
Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > с размерами
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7 доведённый до точного размера
1) Automobile industry: accurate to dimension2) Metallurgy: accurate to gaugeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > доведённый до точного размера
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8 maßgenau
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9 maßgetreu
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10 точно по размеру
1) Railway term: accurate to dimension2) Automobile industry: size -
11 maßgetreue Projektierung
Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch Engineering > maßgetreue Projektierung
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12 размер
dimension, size
baл или отверстие могут оказаться непригодными для дальнейшей эксплуатации в резупьтате износа и изменения размера ниже и выше допустимого. — а shaft or hole may become unserviceable as its size has worn beyond the оpermissible worn dimensionп.
- "а" — dimension а
- в свету (окна) — (window) clear opening (measuring 400х250 mm)
- выработанной (изношенной) — worn part dimension
- (по износу) в эксплуатации, допустимый (графа таблицы альбома основных сочленений) — permissible worn dimension /size/. this is the size to which a part may wear before it must be rejected as unserviceable.
- габаритно-установочный — outline and mounting dimension
- габаритный — overall dimension
- двери (500 x 1000 мм) — door dimension (of 500 x loco mm), door measures 500 x 1000 mm
- заниженный (детали) — diminished size
- колеса — wheel size
- линейный — linear dimension
-,новый (из-за износа) (графа таблицы альбома основных сочленений) — dimension worn
- новый (новой детали по чертежу) — dimension new
- окончатепьный точный (детали) — final accurate dimension
-, основной — principal dimension
- отверстия (калиброванного) — orifice size
- покрышки — tire size
- по чертежу (графа таблицы альбома основных сочленений) — dimension new. this is the size of the part when new, showing the tolerance.
-, ремонтный (детали) — repair size
-, ремонтный (по чертежу) — repair dimension
-, угловой — angular size
угловой размер наблюдаемого светила (звезды), — the angular size of the star image.
-, фактический (напр., изображение прибора на иллюстрации) — actual size
- фотоснимка — picture size
- цели — target size
- цели, предполагаемый — anticipated size of target
- цели, угловой — angular size of target
допуск на р. — tolerance on dimension
выдерживать (не нарушать p., указанный на рис.) — not affect the size (given in fig.)
замерять размер "а" — measure dimension а
резать (материал приблизительно) по р. — cut (approximately) to sizeРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > размер
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13 exact
exact, e [εgza(kt), εgzakt(ə)]adjectivea. ( = fidèle) [reproduction] exact ; [compte rendu] accurateb. ( = correct) [définition, raisonnement] exact ; [réponse, calcul] correct• est-il exact que... ? is it true that...?• exact ! exactly!c. ( = précis) [dimension, nombre, valeur] exact ; [donnée] accurated. ( = ponctuel) punctual* * *exacte ɛgza(kt), akt adjectif1) ( juste) correct2) ( précis) exact3) ( ponctuel) punctual* * *ɛɡza(kt), ɛɡzakt adj exact, -e1) (= précis) exact, accurate, preciseEst-ce que vous pouvez m'indiquer le prix exact du billet? — Can you tell me the exact price of the ticket?
2) (= correct, juste) right, correctVotre voiture est garée dehors, n'est-ce pas? - C'est exact. — Your car's parked outside, isn't it? - That's right.
3) (= ponctuel) punctual* * *1 ( juste) [réponse, calcul] correct; [prévision] accurate, correct; est-il exact que is it correct ou true that; ‘tu y étais!’-‘(c'est) exact’ ‘you were there!’-‘that's right’;2 ( précis) [dimension, nombre] exact; [circonstances, limites, conditions] exact, precise; [identité] true, exact; [reproduction] exact; indiquez le montant exact give the exact amount; tu as l'heure exacte? do you have the exact ou right time?; mesurer l'exacte ampleur de la catastrophe to assess the exact ou precise extent of the disaster; pour être plus exact to be more precise;3 ( ponctuel) punctual.1. [conforme à la réalité - description, information] exact, accurate ; [ - copie, réplique] exact, true ; [ - prédiction] correct, accuratec'est exact, je t'avais promis de t'y emmener quite right ou true ou correct, I'd promised I'd take you thereil est exact que nous n'avions pas prévu son départ true (enough), we hadn't anticipated (that) he'd leaveas-tu l'heure exacte? have you got the right ou correct time?pour être exact, disons que... to be accurate, let's say that...3. [fonctionnant avec précision - balance, montre] accurateêtre très exact to be always on time ou very punctual -
14 localizable
adj.localizable, findable, spottable.* * *► adjetivo1 traceable* * *ADJdifícilmente/fácilmente localizable — [objeto, lugar] hard/easy to find; [persona] hard/easy to get hold of
* * *no está localizable — he cannot be found o traced
* * *= addressable, searchable, traceable, locatable, retraceable.Ex. Is the hardware configuration required by the software available, for example, amount of storage, number and capacity of disc drives, addressable screen cursors etc?.Ex. The extent of searchable elements will vary from one data base to another.Ex. It demonstrates how knowledge management helps create a corporate knowledge corpus that makes knowledge traceable and certifiable.Ex. She mentions many of the useful bibliographies, indexes and current information bulletins used by the library in its primary quest for accurate information, quickly locatable.Ex. This dimension has the peculiar property of not being retraceable.----* cuyo origen es localizable = traceable, retraceable.* de origen localizable = traceable, retraceable.* estar localizable = be locatable.* * *no está localizable — he cannot be found o traced
* * *= addressable, searchable, traceable, locatable, retraceable.Ex: Is the hardware configuration required by the software available, for example, amount of storage, number and capacity of disc drives, addressable screen cursors etc?.
Ex: The extent of searchable elements will vary from one data base to another.Ex: It demonstrates how knowledge management helps create a corporate knowledge corpus that makes knowledge traceable and certifiable.Ex: She mentions many of the useful bibliographies, indexes and current information bulletins used by the library in its primary quest for accurate information, quickly locatable.Ex: This dimension has the peculiar property of not being retraceable.* cuyo origen es localizable = traceable, retraceable.* de origen localizable = traceable, retraceable.* estar localizable = be locatable.* * *no está localizable he cannot be found o traced* * *localizable adjen estos momentos no está localizable we can't get hold of him at the moment* * *adj:estar localizable be easily found -
15 exactitude
exactitude [εgzaktityd]feminine nouna. [de reproduction, compte rendu] accuracyb. [de définition, réponse, calcul] correctnessc. [de dimension, nombre, valeur] exactness ; [de donnée, pendule] accuracyd. ( = ponctualité) punctuality* * *ɛgzaktityd1) ( justesse) correctness; ( de prévision) accuracy2) ( précision) (de définition, description, dimension) accuracy; ( de reproduction) exactness; ( de montre) accuracyavec exactitude — [mesurer, raconter] accurately
3) ( ponctualité) punctuality; politesse* * *ɛɡzaktityd nfexactitude, accurateness, precision* * *exactitude nf2 ( précision) (de définition, description, renseignement, dimension) accuracy; ( de reproduction) exactness; ( de montre) accuracy; contester l'exactitude des faits to deny that the facts are accurate; avec exactitude [mesurer, raconter] accurately; on ne connaît pas avec exactitude les circonstances de leur mort we don't yet know the exact circumstances surrounding their death;3 ( ponctualité) punctuality; ⇒ politesse.[ɛgzaktityd] nom fémininje me souviens avec exactitude des mots de sa lettre I can remember the precise ou exact words she used in her letter3. [d'un instrument de mesure] accuracy5. [ponctualité] punctuality -
16 доводка
finishing
(окончательная обработка)
- (притирка) — lapping
обработка поверхности деталей до высокого класса чистоты при помощи доводника и абразива, и получения заданного точного размера, — process of producing ехtremely smooth and accurate surfaces by means of а lap and fine abrasive. part is to be lapped to final accurate dimension.
- (совершенствование) — developmentРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > доводка
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17 измерение
1.мат. dimension 2.measurementизмерение альбедоalbedo measurementизмерения в инфракрасном диапазонеinfrared measurementsизмерение времениtime measurementизмерение координатposition measurementизмерение мерцаний звездscintillation measurementизмерение нестабильности изображенийseeing measurementизмерение полной интенсивности излучения по всем направлениямomnidirectional measurementизмерение расстоянияdistance measurementизмерение расстояния до спутникаsatellite range measurementизмерение расстояния методом радиолокацииrange measurementизмерение силы тяжестиgravity measurementизмерение скоростиvelocity measurementизмерение с помощью ракетrocket measurementизмерение температурыtemperature measurementизмерение угловых размеровangular measurementизмерение цветаcolor measurementизмерение шумовnoise measurementабсолютное измерениеabsolute measurementгеодезические измеренияgeodetic measurementsградусное измерениеgrade measurementдистанционные измеренияremote measurementsинтерферометрическое измерениеinterferometric measurementионосферные измеренияionospheric measurementsколориметрические измеренияcolorimetric measurementsкосвенное измерениеindirect measurementмагнитные измеренияmagnetic measurementsмикрометрические измеренияmicrometric measurementsоптические измеренияoptical measurementsотдельное измерениеindividual measurementпозиционные измеренияpositional measurementsполяризационные измеренияpolarization measurementsпрецизионное измерениеprecision measurementпрямое измерениеdirect measurementрадиоастрономические измеренияradio measurementsрадиолокационные измеренияradar measurementsспектральные измеренияspectroscopic measurementsточное измерениеaccurate measurementугловые измеренияangle measurementsфотоэлектрические измеренияphotoelectric measurements -
18 Johansson, Carl Edvard
[br]b. 15 March 1864 Orebro, Swedend. 30 September 1943 Eskilstuna, Sweden[br]Swedish metrologist and inventor of measuring-gauge blocks.[br]Carl Edvard Johansson was first apprenticed to a shoemaker, but he soon abandoned that career. In 1882 he went to America to join his brother Arvid working at a sawmill in the summer; in winter the brothers obtained further general education at the Gustavus Adolphus College at St Peter, Minnesota. They returned to Sweden in November 1884 and in the following year Carl obtained employment with a small engineering firm which rented a workshop in the government small-arms factory at Eskilstuna. In his spare time he attended the Eskilstuna Technical College and in 1888 he was accepted as an apprentice armourer inspector. After completion of his apprenticeship he was appointed an armourer inspector, and it was in his work of inspection that he realized that the large number of gauges then required could be reduced if several accurate gauges could be used in combination. This was in 1896, and the first set of gauges was made for use in the rifle factory. With these, any dimension between 1 mm and 201 mm could be made up to the nearest 0.01 mm, the gauges having flat polished surfaces that would adhere together by "wringing". Johansson obtained patents for the system from 1901, but it was not until c.1907 that the sets of gauges were marketed generally. Gauges were made in inch units for Britain and America—slightly different as the standards were not then identical. Johansson formed his own company to manufacture the gauges in 1910, but he did not give up his post in the rifle factory until 1914. By the 1920s Johansson gauges were established as the engineering dimensional standards for the whole world; the company also made other precision measuring instruments such as micrometers and extensometers. A new company, C.E.Johansson Inc., was set up in America for manufacture and sales, and the gauges were extensively used in the American automobile industry. Henry Ford took a special interest and Johansson spent several years in a post with the Ford Motor Company in Detroit, Michigan, until he returned to Sweden in 1936.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHonorary Doctorates, Gustavus Adolphus College, St Peter and Wayne University, Detroit. Swedish Engineering Society John Ericsson Gold Medal. American Society of Mechanical Engineers Gold Medal.Further ReadingK.J.Hume, 1980, A History of Engineering Metrology, London, pp. 54–66 (a short biography).RTS -
19 Psychology
We come therefore now to that knowledge whereunto the ancient oracle directeth us, which is the knowledge of ourselves; which deserveth the more accurate handling, by how much it toucheth us more nearly. This knowledge, as it is the end and term of natural philosophy in the intention of man, so notwithstanding it is but a portion of natural philosophy in the continent of nature.... [W]e proceed to human philosophy or Humanity, which hath two parts: the one considereth man segregate, or distributively; the other congregate, or in society. So as Human philosophy is either Simple and Particular, or Conjugate and Civil. Humanity Particular consisteth of the same parts whereof man consisteth; that is, of knowledges which respect the Body, and of knowledges that respect the Mind... how the one discloseth the other and how the one worketh upon the other... [:] the one is honored with the inquiry of Aristotle, and the other of Hippocrates. (Bacon, 1878, pp. 236-237)The claims of Psychology to rank as a distinct science are... not smaller but greater than those of any other science. If its phenomena are contemplated objectively, merely as nervo-muscular adjustments by which the higher organisms from moment to moment adapt their actions to environing co-existences and sequences, its degree of specialty, even then, entitles it to a separate place. The moment the element of feeling, or consciousness, is used to interpret nervo-muscular adjustments as thus exhibited in the living beings around, objective Psychology acquires an additional, and quite exceptional, distinction. (Spencer, 1896, p. 141)Kant once declared that psychology was incapable of ever raising itself to the rank of an exact natural science. The reasons that he gives... have often been repeated in later times. In the first place, Kant says, psychology cannot become an exact science because mathematics is inapplicable to the phenomena of the internal sense; the pure internal perception, in which mental phenomena must be constructed,-time,-has but one dimension. In the second place, however, it cannot even become an experimental science, because in it the manifold of internal observation cannot be arbitrarily varied,-still less, another thinking subject be submitted to one's experiments, comformably to the end in view; moreover, the very fact of observation means alteration of the observed object. (Wundt, 1904, p. 6)It is [Gustav] Fechner's service to have found and followed the true way; to have shown us how a "mathematical psychology" may, within certain limits, be realized in practice.... He was the first to show how Herbart's idea of an "exact psychology" might be turned to practical account. (Wundt, 1904, pp. 6-7)"Mind," "intellect," "reason," "understanding," etc. are concepts... that existed before the advent of any scientific psychology. The fact that the naive consciousness always and everywhere points to internal experience as a special source of knowledge, may, therefore, be accepted for the moment as sufficient testimony to the rights of psychology as science.... "Mind," will accordingly be the subject, to which we attribute all the separate facts of internal observation as predicates. The subject itself is determined p. 17) wholly and exclusively by its predicates. (Wundt, 1904,The study of animal psychology may be approached from two different points of view. We may set out from the notion of a kind of comparative physiology of mind, a universal history of the development of mental life in the organic world. Or we may make human psychology the principal object of investigation. Then, the expressions of mental life in animals will be taken into account only so far as they throw light upon the evolution of consciousness in man.... Human psychology... may confine itself altogether to man, and generally has done so to far too great an extent. There are plenty of psychological text-books from which you would hardly gather that there was any other conscious life than the human. (Wundt, 1907, pp. 340-341)The Behaviorist began his own formulation of the problem of psychology by sweeping aside all medieval conceptions. He dropped from his scientific vocabulary all subjective terms such as sensation, perception, image, desire, purpose, and even thinking and emotion as they were subjectively defined. (Watson, 1930, pp. 5-6)According to the medieval classification of the sciences, psychology is merely a chapter of special physics, although the most important chapter; for man is a microcosm; he is the central figure of the universe. (deWulf, 1956, p. 125)At the beginning of this century the prevailing thesis in psychology was Associationism.... Behavior proceeded by the stream of associations: each association produced its successors, and acquired new attachments with the sensations arriving from the environment.In the first decade of the century a reaction developed to this doctrine through the work of the Wurzburg school. Rejecting the notion of a completely self-determining stream of associations, it introduced the task ( Aufgabe) as a necessary factor in describing the process of thinking. The task gave direction to thought. A noteworthy innovation of the Wurzburg school was the use of systematic introspection to shed light on the thinking process and the contents of consciousness. The result was a blend of mechanics and phenomenalism, which gave rise in turn to two divergent antitheses, Behaviorism and the Gestalt movement. The behavioristic reaction insisted that introspection was a highly unstable, subjective procedure.... Behaviorism reformulated the task of psychology as one of explaining the response of organisms as a function of the stimuli impinging upon them and measuring both objectively. However, Behaviorism accepted, and indeed reinforced, the mechanistic assumption that the connections between stimulus and response were formed and maintained as simple, determinate functions of the environment.The Gestalt reaction took an opposite turn. It rejected the mechanistic nature of the associationist doctrine but maintained the value of phenomenal observation. In many ways it continued the Wurzburg school's insistence that thinking was more than association-thinking has direction given to it by the task or by the set of the subject. Gestalt psychology elaborated this doctrine in genuinely new ways in terms of holistic principles of organization.Today psychology lives in a state of relatively stable tension between the poles of Behaviorism and Gestalt psychology.... (Newell & Simon, 1963, pp. 279-280)As I examine the fate of our oppositions, looking at those already in existence as guide to how they fare and shape the course of science, it seems to me that clarity is never achieved. Matters simply become muddier and muddier as we go down through time. Thus, far from providing the rungs of a ladder by which psychology gradually climbs to clarity, this form of conceptual structure leads rather to an ever increasing pile of issues, which we weary of or become diverted from, but never really settle. (Newell, 1973b, pp. 288-289)The subject matter of psychology is as old as reflection. Its broad practical aims are as dated as human societies. Human beings, in any period, have not been indifferent to the validity of their knowledge, unconcerned with the causes of their behavior or that of their prey and predators. Our distant ancestors, no less than we, wrestled with the problems of social organization, child rearing, competition, authority, individual differences, personal safety. Solving these problems required insights-no matter how untutored-into the psychological dimensions of life. Thus, if we are to follow the convention of treating psychology as a young discipline, we must have in mind something other than its subject matter. We must mean that it is young in the sense that physics was young at the time of Archimedes or in the sense that geometry was "founded" by Euclid and "fathered" by Thales. Sailing vessels were launched long before Archimedes discovered the laws of bouyancy [ sic], and pillars of identical circumference were constructed before anyone knew that C IID. We do not consider the ship builders and stone cutters of antiquity physicists and geometers. Nor were the ancient cave dwellers psychologists merely because they rewarded the good conduct of their children. The archives of folk wisdom contain a remarkable collection of achievements, but craft-no matter how perfected-is not science, nor is a litany of successful accidents a discipline. If psychology is young, it is young as a scientific discipline but it is far from clear that psychology has attained this status. (Robinson, 1986, p. 12)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Psychology
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